Duplex refers to how data is transmitted between two devices in a network. It defines whether communication happens in one or both directions at the same time.
Types of Duplex Communication
1. Half-Duplex – "One Direction at a Time"
- Data moves in a single direction at any given time, similar to how a walkie-talkie allows only one person to speak while the other listens.
- When one device sends data, the other must wait before responding.
- Used in older Ethernet networks, two-way radios, and legacy systems.
Disadvantage: Slower because only one device can transmit at a time.
Example: Walkie-Talkies, where only one person can speak at a time.
2. Full-Duplex – "Both Directions Simultaneously"
- Data flows in both directions at the same time (like a phone call).
- More efficient and faster than half-duplex.
- Used in modern Ethernet networks, fiber-optic communication, and VoIP.
Disadvantage: Requires more bandwidth and advanced hardware.
Example: Phone Calls, where both people can talk at the same time.
Comparison: Half-Duplex vs Full-Duplex
Feature | Half-Duplex | Full-Duplex |
Data Flow | One direction at a time | Both directions simultaneously |
Speed | Slower | Faster |
Efficiency | Less efficient | More efficient |
Example | Walkie-Talkie, Old Ethernet | Telephone, Modern Ethernet, Wi-Fi |